A) You can sometimes trust images in the media. It sort of depends on what it is a picture of if its a close up of a persons face and they have a perfect face you can not trust that because no ones face is perfect. The same goes for cars and food ads. The types of images you can trust is sports pictures taking during a game because 99% of the time those are striate up pictures.
B) Some of the ways you can tell if an image is credible is if the image is looks real and you can tell if it hasnt been retouched or not. For example if you see a picture of a athlete on the field those are real. If you see a picture of a model on the cover of a magazine most if not all of the time the photo has been retouched.
C) Some of the times when its okay to manipulate a photo is when you are trying to sell a product like are car or some food products and things of that nature. Some of the times when its not okay to manipulate a photo is when you put a girl on the cover of a magazine because of the fact that you are promoting false beauty. Those girls all have the perfect face with the perfect body and in reality that doesn't exist.
D) One technique in determing wheather a image is fake or not is when the context is altered is to identify aspects of the image that are inconsitent with the image description. Another technique in determing wheather a image is fake is to focus on the aspects that make its unbelievable.